Excited that more people are finding this series!
While I pieced together what happened at the end of the first book, Shadow of the Torturer,
You did?! I mean... maybe you did? I don't think I've ever read a convincing explanation of it. We only know a portion of what happened there, afterall. Hethor arrived, so we can probably assume he unleashed one of his weird minions, which explains the ruckus that ends the first book. But it's really not clear, because we still dont know how it was resolved. Interested in what you think though.
Personally, on re-reading it, I think how the inside of the "city gate" is described is more informative than trying to figure out the cryptic action that ends the book.
I am still confused on what exactly transpired at the end of The Claw of the Conciliator...
It's really hard for me to divorce what I know now to what I knew when I first read it, but between what Hildegrin says about what they're about to do, and what Severian sees (or thinks he sees) there, you should have a good idea of the goal and who it is, even if the how doesn't make sense. Anyway, that scene is very directly explained in Urth of the New Sun. But after you finish the series, it's absolutely worth revisiting, because it'll have more meaning.
I'll also volunteer: It's perfectly normal to coast through these scenes on a first reading and not know exactly what's happening, or more importantly, why they matter. These stories are maze-like, but you're being led somewhere intentionally. You'll learn things later that will reflect back on what happened earlier. Or you'll catch them on a second reading, which is usually when things really click into place for Wolfe. I think by my third time reading New Sun, I finally felt like I understood it all
pretty well. That might sound like a slog, but I enjoyed every page.